Benefits Of Matching In Functional Programming

Programmers have faith in programming idioms, design patterns, and workaround approaches to precise basic design in a roundabout way supported by the language. Evolving languages regularly handle continuously encountered issues by including language and library assist to subsequent releases. By making use of new features, programmers can specific their intent extra directly. As new concerns, corresponding to parallelism or security, arise, early idioms and language amenities can turn into critical liabilities. Modern code now and again bene matches from optimization approaches not possible for code that makes use of much less expressive constructs.

Manual supply code migration is expensive, time-consuming, and vulnerable to errors. This dissertation discusses the introduction of latest language options and libraries, exemplifi ed by open-methods and a non-blocking growable array library. We describe the connection of open-methods to varied option implementation techniques. The benefi ts of open-methods materialize in easier code, superior performance, and comparable reminiscence footprint in comparison to making use of option implementation techniques.

Based on these findings, we develop the notion of supply code rejuvenation, the automated migration of legacy code. Source code rejuvenation leverages enhanced program language and library amenities by discovering and changing coding patterns that may be expressed by means of higher-level program program abstractions. Raising the extent of abstraction improves code excessive quality by decreasing program program entropy. In conjunction with extensions to programming languages, supply code rejuvenation o ers an evolutionary trajectory in the direction of extra reliable, extra secure, and superior performing code. We describe the equipment that enable us useful implementations of code rejuvenations. The Pivot source-to-source translation infrastructure and its traversal mechanism types the core of our machinery.

In order to free programmers from illustration details, we use a lightweight sample matching generator that turns a C like enter language into sample matching code. The generated code integrates seamlessly with the remainder of the evaluation framework. We make the most of the framework to construct evaluation programs that discover familiar workaround tactics for designated language extensions of C 0x (e.g., initializer lists). Moreover, we describe a novel system (TACE | template evaluation and theory extraction) for the evaluation of uninstantiated template code. Our software immediately extracts standards from the physique of template functions. TACE helps programmers realize the necessities that their code de facto imposes on arguments and examine these de facto standards to formal and casual specifications.

Pattern matching is a programming language assemble thought of indispensable in practical programming. Instead, object-oriented programming languages wouldn't have a devoted assemble for this purpose. Consequently, object-oriented programmers, too, are in want for elegant and concise options to the issue of decomposing data. To this end, we suggest a built-in sample matching assemble suitable with object-oriented programming.

We declare that it results in extra concise and readable code than commonplace object-oriented approaches. A sample in our strategy is any computable method of testing and deconstructing an object and binding related components to neighborhood names. We introduce sample matching in two variants, case courses and extractors.

We examine the readability, extensibility and efficiency of built-in sample matching in these two variants with commonplace decomposition techniques. It seems that commonplace object-oriented approaches to decomposing information usually are not extensible. Case classes, which have been studied before, require a low notational overhead, however expose their representation, making them arduous to vary later. The novel extractor mechanism presents unfastened coupling and extensibility, however comes with a efficiency overhead. We current a formalization of object-oriented sample matching with extractors. This is completed by giving definitions and proving commonplace properties for a calculus that gives sample matching as described before.

We then give a formal, optimizing translation from the calculus such as sample matching to its fragment with no sample matching, and present it correct. Finally, we take into account non-obvious interactions between the sample matching and parametric polymorphism. We assessment the strategy of generalized algebraic statistics varieties from practical programming, and present the way it could be carried over to the object-oriented style. The principal software is the extension of the sort system with subtype constraints, which results in an incredibly expressive metatheory. Through this theory, we're capable of precise patterns that function on existentially quantified varieties purely by universally quantified extractors.

Pattern matching is an abstraction mechanism that could tremendously simplify supply code. We current functional-style sample matching for C++ carried out as a library, referred to as Mach7¹. All the patterns are user-definable, may be saved in variables, exceeded amongst functions, and permit using class hierarchies. As an example, we implement widely wide-spread patterns utilized in purposeful languages. Our strategy to sample matching is predicated on compile-time composition of sample objects using concepts.

This is superior to approaches headquartered on run-time composition of polymorphic sample objects. In particular, our answer enables mapping useful code headquartered on sample matching instantly into C++ and produces code that's just a number of p.c slower than hand-optimized C++ code. The library makes use of an effective kind change construct, additional extending it to a number of scrutinees and normal patterns. We examine the efficiency of sample matching to that of double dispatch and open multi-methods in C++. The sample calculus is a brand new basis for computation, by which the expressive potential of features and of knowledge buildings are mixed inside pattern-matching functions. The gold standard present foundations concentrate on each functions, as within the lambda-calculus, or on info structures, as in Turing machines, or on compromises involving both, as in object-orientation.

The e book is split into three parts, on terms, varieties and programs, and includes many new results. Part I introduces static after which dynamic sample calculus. The former helps path polymorphic functions, ready to traverse arbitrary paths with the aid of files structures.

It additionally exhibits how Lisp is greater than simply lambda-calculus. The dynamic calculus enables any time period to be a pattern, in order that patterns will be discovered, mixed and simplified on the fly. Part II helps a spouse and children of kind structures for sample calculi that construct on novel typings of lambda-calculus.

The sort system for question calculus enables database queries to be utilized uniformly to arbitrary files structures, whilst nonetheless guaranteeing that analysis terminates. Subtyping and sort parameters mix to supply sort inequalities, whose options present an expressive account of object-orientation. Also, typing might be made implicit, which simplifies implementation. Part III realises all these tips in a brand new programming language, bondi, the place the varied programming kinds might be combined, which include algebraic files sorts and object-oriented classes. This guide is beneficial for researchers with an curiosity within the foundations of computing, programming language design, the mixing of present programming styles, or the event of latest programming styles.

The reader is supported all as a result of with proofs and examples, each in textual content and in bondi, the supply code of which is freely out there online. We've received really far into the tutorial, however we've not clearly consideredfunctional programming. All of the options given up to now - wealthy knowledge types, sample matching, style inference, nested options - you possibly can think about might exist in a sort of "super C" language. These are Cool Features certainly, and make your code concise, straightforward to read, and have fewer bugs, however they clearly have little or no to do with practical programming. So whilst we have been writingstruct for the umpteenth time, ML and Haskell programmers had trustworthy variants and sample matching on datatypes.

While we have been being cautious to free all our mallocs, there have been languages with rubbish collectors all set to outperform hand-coding because the 80s. The final article handled the List and Option kinds of the Scala normal library and for expressions of Scala. The past articles have already used sample matching for lists and options, however the shape of the sample matching was simple.

The article discusses the advantages of sample matching and numerous patterns accessible in Scala. The homework of the course requires sample matching, and understanding the article thus is essential for the homework. I write the article based mostly on the fifth Scala seminar, "Pattern Matching," of the autumn semester in 2018. The slides and the code of the Seminar are accessible on-line.

The mix of sum varieties and sample matching is for me considered one of many crucial compelling functions of purposeful programming languages. PureScript is a strongly-typed and purely-functional programming language that compiles to JavaScript. It has additionally a set of wonderful functions corresponding to persistent information structures, increased kinded types, sample matching, sort classes, and purposeful dependencies, and higher-rank polymorphism.

Applications written in Prop can make the most of numerous cooperating formalisms, built-in into the item oriented paradigm of the bottom language. We use competent automata-based and semantics headquartered algorithms to generate numerous sample matching constructs into competent and light-weight C++ programs. Interoperability with the bottom language is achieved transparently since all excessive degree facts buildings in Prop are mapped into classes. Furthermore, we use conservative rubbish assortment schemes to attenuate interplay with present code by eliminating the necessity for guide storage management. Typical Prop program sources are occasions extra compact than equal packages written in C++. Our benchmarks additionally present that packages written in Prop's excessive degree formalis...

This is especially difficult when introducing options that span throughout a number of sorts and that bind variables. We handle this problem by developing, in a step-by-step manner, mechanisms for encoding patterns and sample matching in Haskell in a type-safe way. Languages depend on sample matching for the elemental approach a program evaluates right into a result. Pattern matching advantages most when the underlying datastructures are as easy and versatile as possible.

This is particularly the case in languages with a robust symbolic flavor. In symbolic programming languages, patterns are the identical sort of datatype as all the things else, and could in this case be fed in as arguments to functions. While I do sense that the article could be a bit biased its does current a variety of gotchas that new C# builders could hold and eye out for. Some of the blunders listed aren't C# unique and avoidable by only educating ones self on how the language behaves (ex. worth vs reference, types). Some options must be prefaced with "depending on the case".

I additionally really feel that the #9 could have missed the mark a bit bit, they're there for catching errors IF one happens and returning you to a "safe" place the place you'll be capable of securely recover. However, it really is right in saying that exceptions shouldn't be used as a traditional manage statement. Even even though I know better, I too, am responsible of employing them incorrectly from time to time. The mistake would additionally take pleasure in having a bit extra on easy methods to make use of exceptions correctly.

LINQ like all language function may be abused and utilized in such methods in which it does make issues extra durable to know however it's a strong software that shouldn't be overlooked. I want to make use of it when accessing statistics sources, after which want different manipulate loops for any processing on the data. This separates processing code from statistics entry visually and helps maintain issues straightforward to identify and understand. LINQ makes it possible for for the potential to create complicated "SQL like" statements that MAY be extra durable to implement within the SQL taste of choice. LINQ vs Extension methods, it can be vital to maintain your understanding of those clear.

LINQ is simply not extension methods, LINQ is simply not Extension methods, LINQ is simply not extension methods. I even have seen numerous confusion about what the big difference is right here regardless that numerous extension techniques can do linq like issues and they're OFTEN used mutually they're two very distinct language features. Extension techniques permit for extending varieties that you simply do not essentially have entry to, similar to third get together dll's.

Linq is simply honestly a syntactic sugar that permits for a special strategy which can make issues conceptually easier to understand. A higher-order operate is a operate that takes different features as arguments and/or returns functions. First-class features will be higher-order features in useful programming languages. The sample matching amenities regarded from useful programming languages have tested to be a powerful, handy and expressive solution to outline such message handlers.

Despite being well-known by the C++ group as a strong abstraction mechanism , there's neither language assist nor a standardized API out there yet. However, sample matching is a key ingredient for outlining actors in a easy and pure way. In distinction to mainstream programming languages like Java or Python, Elixir code is structured in capabilities and modules rather than objects and classes.

For example, calling a operate on a variable will produce a brand new variable, not change the variable in place. In prior work this second step has acquired quite a whole lot of attention, however step one has been largely ignored so far. To confirm correctness, we show that elaboration preserves the first-match semantics of the consumer clauses. Based on this theoretical work, we reimplement the algorithm utilized by Agda to ascertain left-hand sides of definitions by sample matching. The new implementation is on the identical time extra usual and fewer complex, and fixes a couple of bugs and usefulness points with the previous version. Thus, we take one extra step in direction of the formally verified implementation of a functional dependently typed language.

Pattern matching is a strong programming theory which has verified its deserves in declarative programming. The absence of pattern-matching in object-oriented pro- gramming languages is felt above all when tackling supply code processing problems. But present proposals for sample matching in such languages depend upon language exten- sion, which makes their adoption overly intrusive. We suggest an strategy to help sample matching in mainstream object-oriented languages with no language extension. In this approach, a sample is a first-class entity, which might be created, be exceeded as argument, and accept process invocations, similar to every different object.

We exhibit how our strategy should be utilized at the side of present parser turbines to carry out sample matching on varied sorts of summary syntax represen- tation. We elaborate our strategy to incorporate concrete syntax patterns, and mixing of patterns and site visitors for the development of refined syntax tree traversals. Programmers have faith in programming idioms, design patterns, and workaround methods to make up for lacking programming language support. Modern code occasionally advantages from optimization methods not possible for code that makes use of much less expressive constructs.

In this paper, we current the notion of supply code rejuvenation, the automated migration of legacy code and really briefly point out the instruments we use to realize that. Raising the extent of abstraction advantages program maintainability, security, and performance. By far one of the most typical sort of sample matching includes strings of characters. In many programming languages, a specific syntax of strings is used to symbolize widely used expressions, that are patterns describing string characters.

Having dabbled a bit with Erlang and different useful programming languages in previous times I can with out delay see the advantages of this useful paradigm inside Swift. So with out additional ado, lets discuss sample matching. Pattern matching is predicated on compile-time composition of sample objects by means of concepts. Dependent sample matching is an intuitive option to put in writing packages and proofs in dependently typed languages.

Is Saudi Arabia In Dubai

Travelmath provides an online flight time calculator for all types of travel routes. You can enter airports, cities, states, countries, or zip codes to find the flying time between any two points. The database uses the great circle distance and the average airspeed of a commercial airliner to figure out how long a typical flight would take. Find your travel time to estimate the length of a flight between airports, or ask how long it takes to fly from one city to another.

Some investors and their shareholders, however, remain wary of the prince. The campaign, described by critics as a shakedown, largely took place outside of the courts and public view. The world's top oil exporter and largest Arab economy in February said it would give foreign firms until the end of 2023 to set up headquarters or risk losing out on government contracts as it competes for foreign capital and talent.

On Sunday, Rasheed said the move to attract companies into Saudi Arabia was not aimed at dismantling corporate operations elsewhere. In the quick calculation above, we assumed you had a private plane and just wanted to know the time in the air from city to city. But for most of us, we're going to be flying on a commercial airline (whether it's first class or coach).

So that means we really need to account for all the extra travel time getting to the airport, waiting for our flight, and making it to the destination. Competition is heating up as the prince overhauls the oil-dependent economy and eases social restrictions in the conservative Islamic kingdom, making Saudi Arabia – a significantly larger market – a more attractive place to do business. We compare hundreds of flights from Dubai to Saudi Arabia, from all the major airlines and travel agents, showing you where you can fly directly, the flight times for these options and the differences in cost. Helping you find the best deal on flights to Saudi Arabia within your budget. "The crew was not friendly and very slow. I was flying with an infant and a child and have had excellent experiences on a number of other less expensive airlines and I am disappointed that I had bad service on Emirates business class."

A regional headquarters is what economists call an indivisible asset, which can't be divided into smaller pieces—meaning that Riyadh's gain must be Dubai's loss. This has set the stage for the narrative of an economic war between Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The three-day forum drew more than 1,000 delegates, including several American billionaires and top U.S. hedge-fund managers. This came just three years after these same business titans canceled their attendance following the international outcry over the killing of Saudi critic Jamal Khashoggi by Saudi agents who worked for the crown prince. So now we can finally get an idea of the total travel time from Saudi Arabia to Dubai including time spent getting to/from the airports, an estimated wait time of 2 hours at the airport for TSA security lines and waiting at the gate, and the actual flight itself.

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Saudi Arabia, in a bold and unexpected move, announced late Monday that by 2024 its government would cease doing business with any international companies whose regional headquarters were not based within the kingdom. Saudi Arabia announced late Monday that by 2024 its government would cease doing business with any international companies whose regional headquarters were not based within the kingdom. A recent announcement by the UAE news agency stated that Dubai is merging its economy and tourism departments. Among the targets are increasing visiting tourists by 40% and expanding export markets by 50%. Another mission is to attract 100,000 companies within three years and 400 annual global economic events by 2025. Al-Monitor spoke to an executive working on a strategy in the region who said the overt move by the kingdom could be seen as an aggressive action to force regional headquarters to Riyadh.

But, he added, "It could also be viewed as healthy business competition. But forcing the hand of global companies to move is never easy; it is all about enticing players with the right policies." Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world's largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers. Riyadh has already moved to compete with the UAE, the region's business, trade and tourism hub.

Is Saudi Arabia in Dubai The Saudi government has said that starting 2024 it would stop giving contracts to firms that do not set up regional headquarters in the kingdom. The Saudi government has said that from 2024 it would stop giving contracts to firms that do not set up regional headquarters in the kingdom. The strategy marks a shift for Saudi Arabia whose other airlines, like state-owned Saudia and its low cost subsidiary flyadeal, mostly operate domestic services and point-to-point flights to and from the country of 35 million people. If your preferred travel dates have some wiggle room, flexible dates will show you all the options when flying to Dubai up to 3 days before/after your preferred dates.

Dubai Consulate Assistance - Dubai is an important international financial center for the region and many foreign companies, especially South East Asian corporations have chosen Dubai as their regional headquarters. There is a thriving expat community in Dubai and also tourism to Dubai is becoming a very important source of income for the city. Dubai is working to retain its place as the region's premier tourism, financial and real estate hub. At the departure hall of Riyadh's international airport, a large advertisement hangs from the ceiling, featuring an investment opportunity in a new beachfront development in Dubai. To keep foreigners invested longer, the UAE is also easing visa rules for residents and investors.

This is a medium length flight, so unless you have a nice private jet, you might be booking a commercial flight. In that case, your travel time would really need to include how many minutes to get to your local airport, wait for security, board and taxi on the runway, land at the other airport, and get to your destination. Scroll down to see a more realistic calculation that takes into account all these factors to get a more accurate estimate of your actual flight time. Book your flights from Dubai to Saudi Arabia today and look forward to gourmet dining, award-winning inflight entertainment and exceptional service – no matter which cabin class you're travelling in. Google Cloud, Alibaba and Western Union are some of the latest big names to establish stakes in the kingdom.

And during Saudi Arabia's annual Future Investment Initiative in January, 24 international companies announced plans to move their regional head offices to Riyadh, including PepsiCo, French oilfield services company Schlumberger and Canadian fast-food chain Tim Horton's. KAYAK searches hundreds of travel sites to help you find cheap airfare and book the flight that suits you best. With KAYAK you can also compare prices of plane tickets for last-minute flights to Dubai from anywhere in Saudi Arabia. "I' not sure which flight this relates to. I've taken economy and business class and clearly the business class is better but economy is fine. The crew were good in both classes and whilst the food in business was better I didn't have a problem in economy either."

The flight time between Dubai and Gassim is around 3h 20m and covers a distance of around 1166 km. Typically 14 flights run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. Effective 30 December 2021, vaccinated residents and visitors must have a Green Pass on their Al Hosn app to enter Abu Dhabi. Unvaccinated travellers must present a negative COVID-19 PCR test result received within 96 hours of entry. In addition, all commuters travelling to Abu Dhabi will be scanned by EDE devices at the border to gain permission to enter the emirate. The protocols in place at all Abu Dhabi borders could affect your travel times due to anticipated congestions.

The 'tax free zones' of the UAE have attracted a diverse portfolio of successful international service business which naturally attracts expatriate employees and the country is a 'go to' holiday destination which receives regular travel and tourism awards. To date, Saudi Arabia continues to play an important role in the region. In fact, in addition to its political influence and its military power, Saudi Arabia has a strong economic leverage on its neighbors. The country has an oil-based economy; it is considered the largest exporter of petroleum in the world; and it owns around 16% of the global petroleum reserves.

Petroleum is the core of Saudi's economy and accounts for about 87% of all budget revenues (and 90% of export earnings). Dubai is the business hub and global city in the United Arab Emirates . It is the main global transport center for both cargoes and passengers.

It is one of the main cities in the UAE and the capital city of the Emirate of Dubai. The city has attracted the world's attention through its huge sports events and construction projects especially the Burj Khalifa . The announcement of the granted licenses comes ahead of schedule, considering the Saudi directiveannounced in February 2021 that — effective January 2024 — companies that did not have their regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia would risk losing their government contracts.

The Swiss pavilion, themed around the concept of 'Reflections', features interiors offering a multi-sensory experience where visitors can immerse themselves in the natural landscape of the Alpine country. Top of the agenda at the many rotating industry-focused exhibitions inside will the country's major sectors including pharmaceuticals, research, education and technology. Flights to Yanbu's International airport , also known as Abdul Mohsin bin Abdulaziz International Airport, will begin on February 24, with three weekly flights, operating on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays.

Flydubai announced that it will start operating flights to AlUla via Prince Majeed bin Abdulaziz airport on March 2 and is set to operate from Terminal 2 at Dubai International Airport . OAG also rated the Dubai-Riyadh travel route as the busiest international airline route in the world in February 2022, with 259,832 seats. An air travel intelligence reference that provides data on airline schedules, cargo, and aviation analytics Official Airline Guide , revealed that Dubai to Riyadh was the world's busiest international route in December 2021, with 284,600 seats.

I've never experienced such little leg room and I don't know how taller people even sit in those seats. 90% of the screens were not working at all and were burning hot to touch. Also, what's up with the spray they use along as they walk along the overhead storage bins (insecticide?). "Despite the size of the A380 seats have been crammed in so that there is no real difference in comfort between travelling on one of them or in a low cost airline such as Jetstar. Unless of course you can afford First or Business Class." These Dubai Consulates can offer Consular assistance to Dubai citizens as well as foreign workers, foreign and local businesses and tourists visiting Dubai. The Dubai consulates are reachable by email or telephone for all inquiries regarding consular services.

Unfortunately for the people of the Arab world, the region's economy has been hamstrung by poor economic statecraft since World War II. For some countries, the leftist economic policies exported by the former Soviet Union have stifled economic growth for decades. Poor education, marginalization of women, political instability, and violent conflict have also played a role in the region's economic stagnation. Rome2rio's Travel Guide series provide vital information for the global traveller. Read our range of informative guides on popular transport routes and companies - including 5 incredible day trips from Florence by train, Getting to Milan from the airport and Best ways to travel around Australia - to help you get the most out of your next trip.

If you're planning a trip, remember to add more time for the plane to taxi between the gate and the airport runway. You should also factor in airport wait times and possible equipment or weather delays. If you're trying to figure out what time you'll arrive at the destination, you may want to see if there's atime difference between Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Creating jobs and diversifying the economy sit at the heart of Prince Mohammed's Vision 2030 blueprint for transforming the country. He is to inherit a nation where over a third of the population is under 14, and more than 60% are under 35. No longer can the public sector absorb or afford the wages of most Saudis.

The pitch is part of Saudi Arabia's plan to grab the limelight and title as the region's top place to do business. Currently, the more glamorous emirate of Dubai is seen as the region's hub for finance and tourism. No longer does the kingdom want consultants and executives flying in for a few days, only to fly right back out and spend those earnings elsewhere.

It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the west and south and by Oman to the east and northeast. The precise borders of the country have remained a matter of dispute. Despite a 1974 secret agreement between the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia said to have resolved their three border disputes, the agreement's legal standing is unclear. The United Arab Emirates claims a strip of coastline that borders Qatar to the northwest, which Saudi Arabia claims was ceded to it in the 1974 agreement.

It likewise disputes Saudi claims over the Shaybah oil field to the south, while Saudi Arabia has at times challenged the emirates' claim on oases around the city of Al-Ain. Since the early 1990s, moreover, the emirates have been in a dispute with Iran over the ownership of three islands—Abū Mūsā and Greater and Lesser Tunb (Ṭunb al-Kubrā and Ṭunb al-Ṣughrā). More than 40 multinational companies including Baker Hughes Co., KPMG and Schlumberger received licenses on Wednesday as part of the new program to facilitate business. The firms will get exemptions from work visa limits, eased regulations, and help with the relocation of staff, officials said.

Other companies that have signed up include Deloitte, Pepsico, Unilever, Siemens Mobility and Philips, according to a presentation at an investment conference in Riyadh. If you enjoy experiencing very different cultures, then yes certainly! Bumming on a beach in Thailand can only offer so many aspects to a holiday, so once you've ticked that box it's time to put yourself to the test. The Middle East is back to 'real' travelling, no tourist buses, no dorms full of college students, you're really on the road. A number of these firms are based in the UAE and in Dubai in particular, which for some time has housed a variety of headquartered regional companies. Its proximity to Saudi Arabia has been a convenient gateway for multinationals to conduct business.

A week before this neighborly regard, Saudi Arabia announced that 44 multinational companies would move their regional headquarters to the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Saudi Arabia's move to license 44 companies to open headquarters has put the kingdom in competition with the United Arab Emirates regional business hub. Dubai's budget airline flydubai recently announced that it would begin to operate flights to AlUla in Saudi Arabia, becoming the first airline in the UAE to add the destination to its network. Always contact the Saudi consulate before a visit since not every consulate in United Arab Emirates offers visa and/or passport services. Prince Mohammed is trying to lure foreign capital to create new industries including tourism, with ambitions to increase overall visitors to 100 million by 2030 from 40 million in 2019. Dubai, the world's largest international air travel hub, has announced a five-year plan to grow air and shipping routes by 50% and double tourism capacity over the next two decades.

"The plane has seen better days, paint was pealing off some places. The chairs were ok. The flight crew seemed annoyed at everyone." "The Saudi planes are relatively new and quiet. The seat pitch in coach is acceptable as there were plenty of empty seats on the flight. They offered free connection for texting apps which is nice to have. The entertainment selection was broad enough, but I did not use." "Flight was delayed, so missed the connection. Was made to wait at Bahrain for more than 24 hours without any accommodation. Will never travel by gulf air again. It's the worst airline in the world." "It took over an hour to check-in. People were pushing in because it was not well marked and nobody directing the people. It was terrible. The plane has very old seats, and no entertainment screen on seats, still the old monitors hanging from the roof." "Leg space, seat cushion needs to be more- it seems claustrophobic, timings for the flight- need some as a day time flight rather then being up all night, going through the channel of air bus to the flight...." "I didn't like my seat placement this time round. Was put in the seat infront of business class as no other option. Really uncomfortable."

KAYAK's flight Price Forecast tool uses historical data to determine whether the price for a flight to Dubai is likely to change within 7 days, so travellers know whether to wait or book now. Many people mistake Dubai to be a country in the Middle East and are under the assumption that foreign embassies hold a mission in Dubai. On the contrary, Dubai is the 2nd largest city in the country of United Arab Emirates with the capital city being Abu Dhabi. In March 2020, the Saudi government instituted a national lockdown for three months to prevent the proliferation of the coronavirus.

These extraordinary circumstances provide the perfect experiment for policymakers and researchers to investigate whether daily human activities significantly affect pollution levels in an oil-exporting country like Saudi Arabia. The second route is the indirect impact on the quality of policymaking and governance across the entire region. Well-intentioned governments will benefit from Saudi Arabia's evolving experience in creating a dynamic Middle Eastern economy, while the more intransigent ones will face greater pressure to modernize their economies to keep up.

Even the UAE—which has been at the forefront of sound economic statecraft for the last twenty years—has room to improve, and exposure to Saudi Arabia's aggressive experiment in economic reform will push Emirati policymakers to develop even better policies. As Saudis' living standards rise, so will the opportunities to profitably trade with Riyadh, and the countries in the Kingdom's immediate proximity are best placed to exploit the emerging opportunities. Whether it is Saudi tourists spending their income in the bazaars of Bahrain, fishing in the Arabian Sea off of Oman, or purchasing luxury perfumes produced in the UAE, there is ample space to grow existing consumer markets. The opportunities for mutual investment are tremendous, much like those accruing to the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the South American trade bloc Mercosur, and other regional economic blocs established. However, a quick look at some of the other leading economies in the world suggests that this narrative might be flawed or overly simplistic.

For example, while American cities New York and San Francisco compete fiercely in many domains, in general, the economy of each metropolis benefits from the success of the other because it creates business for their supposed rival. On the opening night, forum guests attended a gala dinner with an open-air concert by American singer Gloria Gaynor in the King Abdullah Financial District, a complex of skyscrapers where Prince Mohammed hopes firms will set up their regional headquarters. And that brings an end to the process of applying for a Saudi visa from Dubai.